The Information Technology Act, 2000 (also
known as ITA-2000, or the IT Act) is an Act of the Indian
Parliament (No 21 of 2000) notified on 17 October 2000. It is the primary law
in India dealing with cybercrime and electronic commerce. It is based on the United
Nations Model Law on Electronic Commerce 1996.
The bill
was passed in the budget session of 2000 and signed by President K. R.
Narayanan on 9 May 2000. The bill was finalised by group of officials headed
by then Minister of Information Technology Pramod Mahajan.
The
original Act contained 94 sections, divided in 19 chapters and 4 schedules.
The laws apply to the whole of India. Persons of other nationalities can also
be indicted under the law, if the crime involves a computer or network located
in India.
The Act
provides legal framework for electronic governance by giving recognition to electronic
records and digital signatures. The formation of Controller of Certifying
Authorities was directed by the Act, to regulation issuing of digital
signatures. It also defined cyber crimes and prescribed penalties for them. It
also established a Cyber Appellate Tribunal to resolve disputes rising from
this new law.
The Act
also amended various sections of Indian Penal Code, 1860, Indian
Evidence Act, 1872, Banker's Book Evidence Act, 1891, and Reserve
Bank of India Act, 1934 to make them compliant with new technologies.
A major
amendment was made in 2008. It introduced the Section 66A which penalised
sending of "offensive messages". It also introduced the Section 69,
which gave authorities the power of "interception or monitoring or
decryption of any information through any computer resource". It also
introduced penalties for child porn, cyber terrorism and voyeurism. It was passed on 22
December 2008 which any debate in Lok Sabha. The next day it was passed by the
Rajya Sabha. It was signed by the President of 5 February 2009.
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